S0099 · ravitch_troubled_crusade_1983 · registry identity

The Troubled Crusade

Ravitch · 1983

historical record independent3 occurrences across 3 books · load 9

Bears on

Canonical propositions this source was matched as evidence for.

P21 — Shared background knowledge is a public good on which democratic self-government, mutual comprehension and social trust depend; its erosi…

How Hirsch uses it

Every occurrence, grouped by book and chapter, with the claim it was linked to support and (where the extraction regenerated one) the underlying warrant.

1987 · Cultural Literacy

Professor Diane Ravitch's summary of how the Life Adjustment conference characterized 'educationally neglected youth.'

related Proponents of Life Adjustment education believed it was the best approach for all American youth, not just those considered disadvantaged.

ch 5 · expert_testimony · cl:ch5_E26

1996 · The Schools We Need

Historical curriculum-revision movements cited in Diane Ravitch's work.

direct Contemporary conceptual curricula were developed starting in the 1930s as a progressive reaction against content-oriented approaches.

ch 2 · historical_example · swn:ch2_E31

Warrant (implicit): The transition from content-based to conceptual-based curriculum in the mid-20th century was a deliberate ideological shift led by the progressive education movement.

could fail ifThe shift toward 'conceptual' models may have been a pragmatic response to the explosion of new scientific information rather than a progressive ideological reaction.

2020 · How to Educate a Citizen

Historical account by Diane Ravitch describing the former ubiquity of patriotic symbols and songs in American schools.

direct Since their inception, American public schools were expected to teach students national history, culture, and symbols to foster a sense of belonging.

ch 9 · expert_testimony · how-to-educate-a-citizen:ch9_E3

Warrant (implicit): The widespread historical presence of specific cultural rituals in educational institutions indicates the primary purpose those institutions were designed to serve.

could fail ifThe presence of symbols may reflect the mandates of local school boards or external political pressure groups rather than a coherent national consensus on the purpose of education.

Endnote numbers seen

Raw book:chapter:endnote references collected during endnote backfill.

swn:2:24

Raw source_reference strings seen

As they appeared before normalization/consolidation into this source identity.

Ravitch, The Troubled Crusade, 52–55
Ravitch, The Troubled Crusade, 65