S0068 · bernstein_social_class_codes · registry identity

Class, Codes and Control

Bernstein · 1971

study independent4 occurrences across 3 books · load 12

External resolution

Resolution status: resolved

Class, Codes and Control

Klein, Bernstein · 1972 · British Journal of Educational Studies · journal-article

doi.org/10.2307/3120238

Bears on

Canonical propositions this source was matched as evidence for.

P07 — The reading achievement gap between social groups is a gap in knowledge and language caused by unequal access to knowledge, not a gap in …

How Hirsch uses it

Every occurrence, grouped by book and chapter, with the claim it was linked to support and (where the extraction regenerated one) the underlying warrant.

1977 · The Philosophy of Composition

Basil Bernstein's work on the social and psychological distinction between elaborated and restricted codes.

direct Bernstein’s distinction between elaborated and restricted codes provides a useful support for the functional distinction of oral and written discourse.

ch introduction · empirical_study · poc:chintroduction_E37

Warrant (explicit): Classifying speech into 'codes' based on their dependence on context provides a valid framework for distinguishing between the inherent constraints of oral and written communication.

could fail ifBernstein’s codes may be social constructs reflecting class-based power dynamics rather than objective cognitive or functional categories of language.

Bernstein's observation of middle-class versus working-class children's performance in a picture-storytelling task.

direct Bernstein's contrast between context-tied and context-free speech correlates with the functional distinction between oral and written speech.

ch introduction · empirical_study · poc:chintroduction_E42

Warrant (implicit): A speaker's tendency to rely on shared visual context during a task is functionally equivalent to the reliance on situational context in oral speech generally.

could fail ifThe difference between children might be due to varying levels of exposure to the specific 'school-like' register of describing things for an audience, rather than a fundamental code difference.

1987 · Cultural Literacy

Experiments showing that performance on communication tasks varies by literacy degree and social class, depending on exposure to literate strangers.

direct A child's performance on communication tasks correlates strongly with social class because class determines exposure to the wider speech community.

ch 2 · empirical_study · cl:ch2_E60

Warrant (explicit): When success in a task requires communicating with strangers using standardized language, performance will vary based on the extent to which a child's home environment mirrors the wider literate community.

could fail ifThe correlation with social class might be driven by the quality of schooling or differences in nutrition and stress levels (poverty effects) rather than the specific 'literate circle' of the family.

2006 · The Knowledge Deficit

Bernstein's soccer cartoon experiment where children from different class backgrounds described a scene; middle-class children used more explicit context (elaborated code) while lower-class children used context-dependent language (restricted code).

related The restricted code is brief and takes for granted a significant amount of unspoken situational and shared background knowledge.

ch 3 · empirical_study · kd:ch3_E9

Endnote numbers seen

Raw book:chapter:endnote references collected during endnote backfill.

poc:introduction:11

Raw source_reference strings seen

As they appeared before normalization/consolidation into this source identity.

Basil Bernstein
Bernstein (1962)
Bernstein, Basil (via Hirsch)